1  r    Bancroft  Librae 


u.  c. 

ACADEMY   OF 

PACIFIC  COAST 

HISTORY 


Notes 


on  the 


Location  of  Tiguex 


By 


Frederick  S.^  Dellenbaugh 


1905 


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Of  tK*.-po$flYoH$  o^lKe 
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New  MeYll\i540  to  1630. 

This  map  is  the  result  of  more  than  ten  years^.udy  of  the  subject.  It  is  entirely  at  variance  with 
the  locations  as  accepted  by  students  and  writers  up  tome  present.  Tiguex  heretofore  has  been  placed  at 
Bernalillo,  whereas  it  was  far  south  of  that  point,  as  sho^iabove. 

Drawing  by  F.  S.  DELLENBAUGH.  ^^  From  Breaking  the  Wilderness. 


\)tJUt&*f.     (K, 


115 

Bancroft  Library 

Notes  on  the  Location  of  Tiguex 


CORONADO,  in  1540,  went  from  Cibola  to  the  Rio  Grande  at  Tuta- 
haco.  On  up  the  river  he  came  to  Tiguex.  Seven  leagues 
farther  up  the  river  he  reached  Quirex. 

ESPEJO,  in  1583,  went  ^up  the  Rio  Grande  from  Mexico  and  reached 
Tiguas.  Six  leagues  farther  up  the  river  he  came  to  Quires.  Fourteen 
leagues  on  up  the  valley  was  Cunames,  and  five  leagues  farther  was 
Ameies,  which  was  fifteen  leagues  east  of  Acoma.  It  is  perfectly  clear 
from  this  that  Tiguas  was  southeast  of  Acoma.  Espejo  also  says  that 
Quires  was  southeast  of  Acoma,  and,  as  Tiguas  was  south  of  Quires,  the 
proof  that  Tiguas  (evidently  the  same  as  Coronado's  Tiguex)  was  south- 
east of  Acoma  seems  positive.  Modern  writers  place  it  northeast  of 
Acoma,  at  the  present  Bernalillo. 

O5JATE,  in  1598,  went  up  the  Rio  Grande.  The  first  villages  he 
reached  were  forty-one  leagues  above  a  point  identified  with  the  present 
El  Paso.  The  name  of  one  of  these  was  Qualacu. 

BENAVIDES  spent  about  seven  years  in  the  Rio  Grande  region  of 
New  Mexico  prior  to  1630.  He  was  in  charge  of  the  church  missions. 
He  was  a  very  intelligent  man,  and  it  is  proper  to  regard  his  statements 
as  fairly  accurate.  He  says  the  first  villages  coming  up  the  river  from 
Mexico  were  one  hundred  leagues  south  of  Taos.  They  were  Qualcu 
and  Senecu.  This  is  apparently  the  same  point  at  which  Onate  placed 
his  first  villages  forty-one  leagues  above  El  Paso.  Fifteen  leagues  up 
the  river  from  Senecu  was  Sevilleta.  Then  there  was  a  blank  of  seven 
leagues.  Then  came  the  Teoas  villages,  evidently  identical  with  the 
Tiguex  of  Coronado  and  the  Tiguas  of  Espejo.  These  villages  extended 
up  the  river  from  the  first  one,  twelve  or  fifteen  leagues.  Then  came  an 
interval  of  four  leagues  to  the  next  village  up  the  river,  San  pelipe,  which 
appears  to  be  the  same  as  the  town  mentioned  by  Onate.  From  San 
Felipe  it  was  about  eleven  leagues  to  Santa  Ana,  the  location  of  which  is 
more  easily  fixed  because  it  was  about  twelve  leagues  east  of  Acoma, 
Thus  Santa  Ana  and  the  Ameies  of  Espejo  seem  to  have  been  very  near 
together.  Tiguex,  therefore,  was  down  the  river  from  a  point  twelve  or 
fifteen  leagues  east  of  Acoma.  Consequently  the  site  assigned  to  it  by 
modern  writers  at  Bernalillo  is  not  correct. 

F.   S.   DELLENBAUGH. 

NEW  YORK,  March  30,  1905. 


By  Frederick   S.   Dellenbaug: 


The  North  Americans  of  Yesterday 

A  Comparative  Study  of  North  American 
Indian  Life,  Customs,  and  Products,  on  the 
Theory  of  the  Ethnic  Unity  of  the  Race. 


350  Illustrations. 


8vo. 


Net,  $4.00 


The  Romance  of  the  Colorado  River 

A  Complete  Account  of  the  Discovery  and 
of  the  Explorations  from  1540  to  the 
Present  Time,  with  Particular  Reference 
to  the  two  Voyages  of  Powell  through  the 
Line  of  the  Great  Canyons. 


200  Illustrations. 


8vo. 


Net,  $3.50 


Breaking  the  Wilderness 

The  Story  of  the  Conquest  of  the  Far 
West,  from  the  Wanderings  of  Cabeza  de 
Vaca  to  the  First  Descent  of  the  Colorado 
by  Powell,  and  the  Completion  of  the 
Union  Pacific  Railway,  with  particular 
account  of  the  exploits  of  trappers  and 
traders. 


150  Illustrations. 


8vo. 


Net,  $3-50 


G.  P.  PUTNAM'S  SONS,  27-29  West  23d  St.,  New  York 


